The sociology of modernization download ebook pdf, epub. Modernization consists of a gradual differentiation and specialization of social structures. Parsons, smelser, levy, moore, hoselitz, bellah, eisenstadt sociopsychological theories of modernization. Dependency theory is the notion that resources flow from a periphery of poor and. The proponents of modernization theory claimed that underdeveloped countries were. Difference between modernization theory and dependency theory. The dependency theory claims that this is how underdevelopment was created and is. Economic growth was controlled by forces outside the national economy. One advantage of the dependency theory is that the theory arose around 1960 as a reaction to some earlier theories of development which held that all societies progress through similar stages of development, that todays underdeveloped areas are thus in a similar situation to that of todays developed areas at some time in the past, and that therefore the task in helping the underdeveloped. The dependency theory is an important tool for understanding latin americas relative underdevelopment. The political economy of africa and dependency theory. When it comes to a solution to the problem, it is right to say that the contexts of countries are different and the solutions for their economic and development problems should be different. Modernization, dependency, rural underdevelopment, african.
Conversations on dependency theory institute for new economic. Dependency sees international capitalism as the ruin of the third world. For those who are interested in the development theory, this book is a good choice. It is a central contention of dependency theory that poor states are impoverished and rich ones enriched by the way poor states are integrated into the world system. Jul 08, 2017 modernization, modernization theory a term and approach that came into widespread use in the early 1960s, as a consequence of the efforts by a group of development specialists in the united states to develop an alternative to the marxist account of social development. This theory involves the globalization well talk about the pros and cons of globalization later, where concept and technologies, as well as the ideas and social mores are easily spread around the globe, causing a global culture that functions as a. Modernization theory and dependency theory are two development theories between which some difference can be identified. Modernization theory uses the path of development that the western developed countries took as a model, including support for free markets, foreign investment and democratic governance. Relationships with developed countries and particularly with. Its main argument is that, the persistent increment in industrialization in the developed countries rather. The relation of interdependence between two or more economies, and between these and world trade, assumes the.
Modernization theory and dependency theory table of contents 1. The basic assumption of this theory, in any of its versions, is that there is one gen. Aug 31, 2015 modernization theory and dependency theory are two development theories between which some difference can be identified. School most associated with modernization theory, looked at the cultural factors leading to underdevelopment. For this purpose, this paper examines the definitions of dependency, general perspectives, classifications, and the criticism of dependency theory. Dependency theory and its close relative, world system theory, emphasized the role of external relationships in the developmental process. Download the sociology of modernization or read online books in pdf, epub, tuebl, and mobi format. Latin american radical political economy in retrospect pdf. Modernization and dependency theories flashcards quizlet. In such a way, the dependency theory is externallyoriented, whereas the modernization theory is internallyoriented. Dependency theory is a mixture of various theories, including world systems theory, historical structure theory, and neomarxist theory. The theory arose as a reaction to modernization theory, an earlier theory of development. Major assumptions 1 8 9 34 chapter ii dependency theory 35 71. Modernization theory emphasized internal factors while making an exception of science.
The conclusion is that both theories have failed to help develop africa. A common term used in the news and social media today is the developing world. World system theories and the modernization theory presentation. A useful tool for analyzing global inequalities today. Differences between modernization theory and dependency theory 4. This paper will discuss the modernization and dependency theories and how they have been modified in the course of time. Dependency theory originates with two papers published in 1949 one by hans singer, one by raul prebisch in which the authors observe that the terms of trade for underdeveloped countries relative to the developed countries had deteriorated over time. Modernization and dependency theory pl 260 theories of. Dependency theory is the notion that resources flow from a periphery of poor and underdeveloped states to a core of wealthy states, enriching the latter at the expense of the former. Difference between modernization theory and dependency.
Rostow 1971 suggested that following initial investment, countries would then set off on an evolutionary process in which they would progress up 5 stages of a development ladder. Mcclelland, hagen, lerner, inkles modernization theory. Dec 01, 2016 1 modernization theory of development 1. Relationships with developed countries and particularly with multinational corporations were viewed as.
The development of countries is vulnerable to the impact of multiple factors. Modernization theory sees capitalism as a creative force, causing growth and progress. Modernization theory both attempts to identify the social variables that contribute to social progress and development of societies and seeks to explain the process of social evolution. Modernization and dependency theory flashcards quizlet. Both theoretical explanations of global inequality. Modernization and dependency theory pl 260 theories. Dependency theory focused on individual nations, their role as suppliers of raw materials. Modernization theory not only stresses the process of change, but also the response to that change. Dependency theory dependency theory has been presented as a theory of development that improves modernisation theory reyes, 2001a.
This term is used to indicate countries that are less economically developed than the united. The discourse pins hope on the african renaissance theory of development. Pdf development and modernization theory handout perin. Modernization theory is a grand theory encompassing many different disciplines as it seeks to explain how society progresses, what variables affect that progress, and how societies can react to that progress. Modernization theory vs dependency theory free download at.
A critique of modernization and dependency theories in africa. Pl 260 theories of development second semester 20072008 modernization and dependency theories 1. Collectively, these theories contrast modernization. Both modernisation and dependency theory make the mistake of treating ldcs least developed countries as homogeneous i.
Stated another way, marxist theories explain the reasons why imperialism occurs, while dependency theories explain the consequences of imperialism. Comparison of dependency theory with modernization theory. The book is well structured in ideas and eash to read. The most wellknown version of modernization theory is walt rostows 5 stages of economic growth. These are the principal theoretical explanations to interpret. Click download or read online button to get the sociology of modernization book now. Modernization sees rich countries as helpers of poor countries. Modernization versus dependency in the context of colonial bengal. However, it is necessary to underline that modernization theory views such cooperation and integration as a conscious and voluntary act from the part of developing countries, for which modernization in the western style is the only way to overcome the existing backwardness, while supporters of dependency theory argue that such cooperation and. Dependency theory highlights that due to colonial and postcolonial endeavors the countries at the periphery are constantly exploited by those at the core.
They fail to understand that value systems and institutions tend to be culturespecific. It sought to explicate the institutional structures by which powerful core states continued to exploit and. To put it more precisely, the modernization theory holds the premise that countries have different level of development but less developed countries can improve their position through modernization. The discourse assesses the influence of modernization and dependency theories on africas development. Dependency theory states that a dependent economy yields or brings social inequality, which in turn can lead to political authoritarianism. Dependence a situation in which the economy of certain countries is conditioned by the development and expansion of another economy to which the former is subjected. Like any other theory, the dependency theory has its advantages and limitations. The protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism argued by max weber german socialist. Modernization theory is a description and explanation of the processes of transformation from traditional or underdeveloped societies to modern societies. Works cited introduction nowadays the rapid development of the word and the growing integration of countries can hardly fail to affect the development of new theories. Dependency theory an overview sciencedirect topics.
For example, ethiopia and somalia may be neighbouring ldcs but their cultures are quite. Modernisation and dependency repub, erasmus university. Modernization theory vs dependency theory free downloads, list 1 download modernization theory vs dependency theory software. Dependency theory grew influential in latin america in the 1960s and 1970s, largely in reaction to modernisation theory and free trade policies, which originated in the west. At the same time, the development of different countries has multiple theoretical explanations. Theory x and theory y difference between modernization theory and dependency theory case study on theory x and theory. Modernization theory vs dependency theory free download. The dependency theory on the other hand opposes the modernization theory.
An outline and critique of competing theories by dieter nohlen, heidelberg. Dependency theory emerged in the 1960s in reaction to modernization theories of development, arguing that international inequalities were socially structured and that hierarchy is a central feature of the global system of societies. The endogenous explanation is a modernization theory. Modernization theory is subject to criticism originating among socialist and freemarket ideologies, worldsystems theorists, globalization theorists and dependency theorists among others. Modernization theory and early dependency theory research. Modernization theory vs dependency theory while many theorists have numerous explanations towards underdevelopment, experts like david brooks and peter hallward have described the natural disaster in haiti to be brutally destructive primarily due to its poverty. Modernization theory, well start there, was developed by walt whitman rostow, or w. Matunhu department of development studies, midlands state university, zimbabwe.
Vincent ferraro, mount holyoke college south hadley, ma july 1996 background dependency theory developed in the late 1950s under the guidance of the director of the united nations economic commission for latin america, raul prebisch. The basic assumption of this phase was that people could change. A critique of modernization and dependency theories in. Ppt dependency theory powerpoint presentation free to. I dont know when this theory was founded, but from my internet research ive got to know that it was the age of enlightenment when the fundamentals of this concept raised by a few philosophers who started to think about how their society transformed, and how they changed and progressed. Modernization, dependency, rural underdevelopment, african renaissance. Modernization theory and classical dependency theory free. A critique of modernization and dependency theories in africa essay. Its an easy reference book for the understanding of development theory. Modernization, modernization theory a term and approach that came into widespread use in the early 1960s, as a consequence of the efforts by a group of development specialists in the united states to develop an alternative to the marxist account of social development. The marxist theory of imperialism explains dominant state expansion while the dependency theory explains underdevelopment. Modernization theory and dependency theory writework.
Modernization and dependency theory the routledge handbook. In other words, the relation between underdevelopment and dependency is explained in a circular manner. Fostercarter argues that this disguises the similarities that exist between ldcs and the west. A critical analysis in the changing world situation after the post 1945 era, the development of modernization theory in order to modernise the rest of the world in line with american development is interestingly. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. Dependency theory is in large part a theory of development in the third world, it seek to provide explanations for third world development and explanations that the modernisation theory failed to give. Farhan ahmad faiz 2 historical background to modernization theory 1 post world war twos deepening poverty in some countries 2 ideological competition from communism 3 increasing unrest in some countries 4 the above posed a threat to capitalism, and especially the usa 5 this led to the development of. Modernization theory is that positive material growth yields positive social equality. Were going to cover modernization theory as opposed to dependency theory. The theory dates back to aristotle when he stated that countries, just like plants, undergo natural growth patterns. Skidmore and smith state that dependency theory distorts modernizations predicted outcomes. Modernization theory stresses not only the process of change but also the responses to that change. Modernization theory an overview sciencedirect topics. The focus of this theory is the totality of society and social system periphery, which highlights the.
Modernization theory focuses specifically on a type of modernization thought to. Includes bibliographical references pages 5145 and index rereading modernization and dependency theory tradition and gender in modernization theory from modernization theory to the soft state in africa gender and the world bank. Modernization versus dependency in the context of colonial. Modernization and dependency theory essay writing blog.
For example, modernisation theory sees ldcs as backward societies that need our help to develop, whilst dependency theory sees us as exploiting them for cheap labour and raw materials. Modernization and dependency theory essay example graduateway. Modernization and dependency theory tutorial sophia learning. In this regard, it is possible to distinguish the modernization and dependency theories. Works cited introduction nowadays the rapid development of the word and the growing integration of countries can hardly fail to affect the development of new theories which attempt to explain the relationship between countries and the existing inequality between. In international political economy, there are competing theoretical perspectives regarding the question of global inequalities and the northsouth divide. Farhan ahmad faiz 2 historical background to modernization theory 1 post world war twos deepening poverty in some countries 2 ideological competition from communism 3 increasing unrest in some countries 4 the above posed a threat to capitalism, and especially the usa 5 this led to the. Modernisation and dependency theories represent two rather different points in. Modernization theory and early dependency theory modernization and dependency theories are some of the theories developed in an attempt to explain the relationship between countries and the inequalities between underdeveloped and developed countries.
Nowadays, the modernization theory studies how new innovations and technologies are resulting in a homogenized world. The basic assumption of this theory, in any of its versions, is that there is one general end page 157 process of which democratization is but the final stage. One of these competing theoretical perspectives is dependency theory, which emerged in the 1950s in response to modernization theory matunhu 2011, p. Similarities between modernization theory and dependency theory 3. Not surprisingly, modernization theories are subject to much criticism stemming from the views of the communist and capitalist parties, world systems theorists, and globalization and dependency theories. The main weakness of dependency theory lies in explaining the origin of underdevelopment. Modernization theory and the comparative study of societies. World system theories and the modernization theory. Chapter i modernization theory structuralfunctionalism and modernization.